Refrigeration



Filed March 7, 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR ATTORNEY June 23, 1931. A. -v. LIVINGSTON 1,811,090

REFRIGERATION Filed March '7,- 1925 4 Sheets-Shet 2 ATTORNEY 1931. A. v. LIVINGSTON 1,811,090

REFRIGERATION Fil 'i March '7, 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet s ATTORNEY INVENTOR June 23, 1931. v

.A. v. LIVINGSTON 1,811,090

REFRIGERATION Filed March '7, 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 I; I. J

WM/m1 ATTORNEY Patented June 23, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ALAN VARLEY LIVINGSTON, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE SAFETY CAR HEATING 8t LIGHTING COMPANY,'A CORPOII'aEA'JEION OF NEW JERSEY REFRIGERATION Application filed March 7, 1925.

This invention relates to cooling or refrigerating apparatus, and more particularly to refrigerating apparatus for house hold use.

One of the objects of this invention is to provide a thoroughly practical and dependable cooling or refrigerating apparatus which will be of reliable and efficient action 7 throughout long continued use. Another object of this. invention is to provide apparatus of the above character which will be of compact construction, capable of ready assembly and well adapted to meet the conditions of hard practical use. Another objectis to provide a refrigerating apparatus of automatic action throughout and capable of dependable and efiicient action through long periods of time without manual attention. Another object is to provide a combined compressor and power unit therefor of simple construction, thoroughly dependable action and capable of rapid manufacture and easy of assembly, as well as being capable of ready and convenient assembly with and incorporation in the remaining parts of the refrigerating apparatus. Another object is to provide an effective, practical and thoroughly dependable driving arrangement for refrigerating apparatus of the above-mentioned type. Other objects will be in part obvious or in part pointed out hereinafter. g

The invention accordingly consists in the features of jconstruction, combinations of elements, and arrangements of parts as will be exemplified in the structure to be hereinafter described and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the following claims.

Inthe accompanying drawings in which is shown one of various possible embodiments of this invention,

'Figure l is a side elevation of the apparatus in assembled relation, certain parts being shown in section and certain parts being broken away in order to show the construction more clearly.

Figure 2 is a side elevation on a larger scale of the lower portion of the apparatus shown in Figure 1, partly in section, and

Serial No. 13,701. I

Figure 3 is a plan View of the apparatus shown in Figure 2, certain parts being broken away to show ,certain features of construction and arrangement more clearly.

Figure a is a central vertical sectional View of a motor-compressor unit, this view being on astill larger scale.

Figure 5 is a diagrammatic representation of the driving units of the apparatus, of the control apparatuses and of the circuits there'- for.

Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

Referring first to Figure 1, there is shown a skeleton frame work for supporting the various parts of the apparatus; this frame work may comprise a bottom ring-like member 10 provided with suitable legs 11 adapted to rest upon the floor and provided further with a suitable number of vertically extending upright members 12 at the upper end of which is supported another ring-like member 13 to which certain parts of the apparatus may be attached. From this ring-like member 13 there extend upwardl and preferably inclined inwardly a suita le number of supporting members 14 to the upper end of which is secured a plate member 15. This plate member 15 supports, a housing generally indicated at 16, open at the top so as to receive in inverted position a water bottle 17. The latter may conveniently rest' upon a rubber ring 18 supported in a suit ably formed seat therefor in the upper end of the housing 16. a I

WVithin the housing 16 is positioned a container 19 into which the neck of the bottle 17 extends. The container 19 may thus be supplied automatically with water from the bottle 17, the latter replenishing the supply ,of water in the container 19 as coil 21 and the apparatus associated with the latter need maintain at a low temperature only a relatively small volume of water. The space between the cooling coil 21 and the outer walls of the casing 16 is packed with any suitable heat insulating material generally indicated at 22.

The cooling coil 21 is intended to be supplied with an expanded cooling fluid which may, for example, take the form of sulphur dioxide.

The expanded sulphur dioxide after passing through the coil 21 and after withdrawing heat from the contents of the receptacle 19 passes downwardly through the pipe 23 to the intake side 24 of a compressor generally indicated at 25 (see Fig. 2). The compressor is encased in a fluid-tight casing or housing generally indicated at 26 (see also Fig. 4), and is adapted, upon being driven, to-compress the refrigerant or sulphur dioxide. This fiuid-tight casing 26 in which is included the compressor, is provided with.

a suitable number of radially ext-ending lugs 27 proportioned so as to rest on the upper ring-like member 13 (see Fig. 2), these parts being secured together as by the screws 28; After the refrigerant is raised in pressure by the compressor 25, it is discharged through the outlet side of the compressor indicated at 29 (see Fig. 3), and thence by way of a pipe 30 enters the upper turn of a condenser coil 31 wound in tapering form so as to rest against and be supported by the radially extending radiating fins 32 of the casing 26 (see Fig. 4) within which the compressor is included. Passing downwardly through the coil 31, the compressed refrigerant is cooled by a current of air drawn downwardly (as viewed in Figs. 1 and 2), past the turns of the coil 31 and also past the radiating fins 21 of the casing 26. The compressed refrigerant, being thus cooled, condenses and in liquefied form passes out ,of the condenser coil 31 and by way of the pipe 33 into a receiver or enclosed vessel 34 in general of an arcuate shape (see Fig. 3), and supported upon the lower ring-like member 10 of the main frame. The receiver 34 may be provided with suitable lugs 35 to permit securing thereof to the frame member 10, as by the screws 36.

A suitable lubricant such as glycerine if the refrigerant is ethyl-chloride, or a suitable oil if the refrigerant is sulphur-dioxide, for example, is utilized for maintaining the moving parts of the compressor lubricated; such of this lubricant as passes out of the compressor with the refrigerant will also be passed into the receiver 34 wherein a separation of the lubricant from the refrigerant may take place by reason of the diflerence in their densities of specific gravities. A pipe 37 leads from the region of ns1noeo the lubricant level within the receiver 34 to a suitable point in the compressor structure to return the lubricant to the compressor. The condensed or liquefied refrigerant, collected in the receiver 34, is passed upwardly through a pipe 38 to an expansion device 39 of any suitable construction and from the expansion device 39 the refri erant is led by way of pipe 40 (see Fig. 1 to the cooling or expansion coil 21 of the heat exchange device. The expansion device 39 relieves the pressure on the liquefied or condcnsed refrigerant causing the latter to evaporate, and in the course of its evaporation in the cooling coil 31, it obtains its heat of evaporation from the substance to be cooled, namely, from the water within the container 19. The evaporated and relatively warm refrigerant is returned to the compressor by way of pipe 23 to repeat the cycle above briefly outlined.

Considering now the construction and arrangement of the compressor with respect to the prime mover for driving the compressor, reference may now behad to Figure 3 of the drawings; the casing 26 is, as already above noted made fluid-tight and encloses therein the compressor and the prime mover therefor. More specifically, this casing 26 will be seen to comprise a dome-like upper portion 41 upon the exterior walls of which are formed preferably integrallytherewith the radially extending fins 32. These radiating fins 32 have their outer ends tapered upwardly, as will be clearly seen from Figure 4, and form a support for the tapered condenser coil 31, as will be clear from Figure 2. Within this upper chamber-forming por tion 41 is mounted for operation a prime mover preferably taking the form of an electric motor. This motor, as will be more clearly set forth hereinafter, is preferably in the form of an alternating current motor of the induction type and hence comprises a rotor 42 rigidly secured to a shaft 43 and provided with any suitable form of winding, such as, for example, a squirrel-cage winding. The motor is provided with a stator which may include the magnetic circuitforming part 44 and the ener' zing windings generally indicated at 45. nasmuch as in this preferred embodiment of this invention the motor takes the form of a single phase induction motor, the energizing windings 45 comprise a main winding 45a and a starting winding 455, shown diagrammatically in Figure 5. These two windings, as will also be clear from Figure 5, are 50 connected to provide three terminals which are connected to binding posts 46, 47 and 48 respectively, mounted in the upper end part of the casing 26 (see Fig. In Figure 4 one of these binding posts 46 is shown in section, and it will be seen to comprise a bolt 46a with a tapered shank 46b fitted into a suitably tapered opening in the upper end of the casing 26 with a tapered insulating bushing 46c interposed therebetween. With this construction the connection of the windings of the stator of the motor may be brought out through the wall of the casing '26 without disturbing the fluid-tight con- 49, the inner race 50 of a ball bearing 50-51,

the outer race 51 of which is fitted within an upwardly directed extension 41a of the upper chamber-forming portion 41, this extension 4101 being suitably machined to snugly receive the outer race 51. Surrounding the shaft 43, but out of contact there: 'with, is a circular plate 52 secured to the underside of the extension 410 as by the' screws 53, the connection of these two parts being preferably substantially fluid-tight. Surrounding the shaft 43 and secured at its upper end to the plate 52 is a corru ated yieldable or expansible sleeve 54, ma e of a suitable sheet metal and carrying at its lower end a ring-like member 55. This ringlike member 55, rigidly secured to the lower end ofthe sleeve 54, is counterbored so as to form a seat within which is received a bearing ring 56 preferably of hardened steel and rigidly held to the ring member 55. This bearing ring '56 is thus supported from the plate member 52 through the interposed expansible sleeve 54 which tends to urge the bearing ring 56 in a downward direction, as viewed in Figure 4. This action of the ex pansible sleeve. 54 may be supplemented to any desired extend by means of a coil spring 57 within the sleeve 54, and interposed between the plate 52 and the ring member 55.

The bearing. ring 56 is thus urged with a substantial ipressure against a bearing ring. 58 rigidly xed to the shaft 43 so that upon rotation of the shaft 43 the bearing ring 58 will be rotated with respect to the bearing ring 56 and while the latter is held in fluidtight' contact with the former.

By this construction the exit of gas under pressure within the upper chamber of the casing 26 and through the upper end hear ing of the shaft 43 is effectively prevented; but it will be noted that the up er open end of the extension 41a is closed secured to the extension 41w by suitable cap screws 60, a suitable washer 61 being interposed therebetween to maintain fiuid tight connection. This arrangement permits the removal of cap 59 to charge the ball bearing yacap 59' upper bearing of the motor may be operated without manual attention for like long periods of time.-

The casing 26 may be considered as being divided substantially into an upper chamber (formed by the ortion 41) and a lower chamber, with the ange member 62 interposed therebetween. The flan e member 62 endof the upper chamber-forming portion 41 'may be seated therein, suitable cap screws '63 holding the parts together and in fluid-tight relation, a suitable acking being interposed therebetween if esired. This flange portion 62 is extended downwardly, as at 64, to form a support first for a ball bearing 6566, the inner race 66 of which is secured to the shaft 43, as by the nut 67, andtheouter race 65 of which is snugly fitted within the extension 64. The'further downward extension to form the second chamber of the casing 26 is preferably built up upon this extension 64 and may comprise an outer cylindrical wall-forming part 68 and an end closing wall or cap 69 securedto the extension 64 as by the cap screws 70, thus to form a lower chamber within which the compressor may operate. This compressor is preferably of the rotary form and .may comprise a series of impellers generally indicated at 71, the outer cylindrical wall portion 68 being formed to provide an inlet 24 and an outlet 23a (see Figs. 2 and 3) for the refrigerant, these parts being formed to permitready connection thereto of the pipes 23 and 30 respectively. Furthermore, the outer wall-forming portion 68 is provided with a series of radially extending radiating fins 72 (see alsoFig. 2), to permit the ready withdrawal of heat from the compressor generally indicated at 25.

The portion of the extension 64 within which the ball bearing 65-66 is mounted is shaped as at 73 to permit access of lubricant from theiregions adjacent the ball bearing 6566 tathe rotating parts of the compress sor. The lubricant, taking the form of glycerine or suitable oil dependin upon the nature of the lubricant, is supplied from the receiver 34 (see Fig. 2) by way of pipe 37 which is connected to a passage 73 @ormed in the upper part of the extension 64 and is so formed at its periphery t at the lower leading a point above the ball bearing @35-66. The returned lubricant thus first insures the lubrication of the ball bearing and thence passing downwardly, is permitted to lubricate the moving parts of the .a bearing ring 76 of hardened material, also surrounding the shaft 43. The bearing ring may be made of hardened steel, for example, and like the plate member 74: is shaped to permit the free rotation of the shaft 43 with respect thereto. Coacting with the bearing ring 76 is another bearing ring 77, also of hardened steel or like material of good Wearing qualities; this bearing ring 77 is held by and seated within a ring-like member 78 extending about the shaft 43 and is secured to the lower end of a corrugated expansible sleeve 79, formed of a suitable sheet material. The upper end of the sleeve 79 is secured to a ring member 80, also surrounding the shaft 43, and threaded as at 81 to a ring 82 which is rigidly fixed, as by shrinking, upon the shaft 13. The sleeve 79 tends to elongate, this action being supplemented, if desired, by a coil spring 83 within the sleeve 79 and interposed between the end ring members 80 and 78, and thus the bearing ring 77, in rotating with the sleeve and associated parts and with the shaft 43 of the motor may be held .in good tluid-tight contact with the statioi'iary bcaring ring 76.

With this arrangement the lubricant returned to the moving parts of the ball bearing (3566 and of the compressor is c'll'ectively prevented from entering the upper chamber-forming' portion ll, and at the same time leakage of or refrige ant, raised in pressure by the compressor, is prevented from being effected into the upper chamber forming portion It may further at this point be noted. that the mechanical relation of the various p rts shown in Figure lis such as to permit ready assembly or ready and convenient disassembly, should access to various parts be new ary. A id, as above noted, etl'ectire lubr ation of the moving parts is insured so that the latter may operate for long intervals of time \x'ithout attention. But, it is ai o 1 "ed to point out that by reason of certain features of the coin struction shown in Figure loss of re trigerant or gas is effectively prevented; this advantage is in part achieved by arranging no the compressor construction so that only one leak-preventing arrangement between a moving part and a fixed part of the compressor need be provided, and by further arranging the construction so that Whatever leakage takes place, as between the bearing rings 7(' 7T is trapped within the upper chamberforn'iing portion ell within which the prime mover or motor is mounted. From this upper chamber egress of gas or refrigerant is impossible, and the chamber being of small volume retains therein but a small amount of gas or refrigerant should any leak into it, it being noted that should such leakage take place into the upper chamber el-l, a balance of pressures in the compressor and in the chamber 41 is gradually brought about to prevent further leakage from the compressor system. The prime mover may thus freely operate within the upper chamber 41 irrespective of whether there is contained -therein any refrigerant or not, and, as above noted, this prime mover prefer ably takes the form of an induction motor with the energizing windings (which are to be connected to the, source of supply) mounted uponihc stator; the motor is thus free from sliding contacts, and there is thus effectively avoided the possibility of sparlting within the enclosed upper chamber ll. The elimination of the possibility of spat-l ing precludes in turn the possibility ing rise to exploding the mixture of on air in the upper chamber 4.1 and such a r: or refrigerant as may leak into this chaun ber; moreover, there thus made possible a wide choice of refrigerant or gas for use in the apparatus, it being hence unnecessary to consider the combustion characteristics of the gas itself or when mixed with air such as may be contained initially in the upper chamber 41.

As already hereinabove set forth, and as will be seen from Figure 2, the upper chambar-forming portion ll within which is housed the prime mover, is provided with a series of radially extending radiating lin-= 32 about which is coiled and supi'iorted the condenser coil. 231;

the compressor :25 in turn provided with a series of radially c:- tending radiating lins 72. ihbttiil the condenser coil 31 l) is a casing ill of sheet metal, for example, and provided yiith vertically extending openings 85. Sup ported in depending relation from the ring member (see 2) as by the i--:crev.'s :28 is a sheet metal guide 86 in the torn: of a 'lrustum of cone, This guide cncos w tt i compressor 2.) and ts radiating line 2 and extends downwardly that its Eov. e opuling is substantially within 'th unpass of a blower or fan generally indicated t 53?. This blower or fan is mounted upon the shaft of a prime mover SE3, prolt-rahly taking the form of a motor supported as by suit able brackets 89 from the vertically extending frame members 12, and in such manner that the shaft thereof extends in a general vertical direction. The fan or blower 87 may comprise a series of substantially radially extending blades 87a' arranged so that upon rotation at a suitable speed these blades will throw the air outwardly b centrifugal action. A lower casing memt ier 90 (see Fig. 1) formed of sheet metal extends about the lower portion of the apparatus, and may be suitably secured to the two spaced ring members 10 and 13 of the main frame; this casing member; 90 may be provided with suitable openings 91 to permit e ress of air blown outwardly by the blades 87a. of the fan or blower 87.

The blower 87 being positioned within the lower opening of the guide 86 is thus made effective to cause ararification in the atmosphere adjacent the compressor25, the radiating fins 32 and the condenser coil 31,

and there is thus produced a downward flow of air in thermal contact with these parts so as to bring about the condensation and liquefication of the compressed refrigerant in the condenser coil- 31, and the maintenance of the motor 4244 and associated.

parts, as well as of the compressor 25 at the desired operating temperature. This current of cooling medium or air will thus be. seen to enter the apparatus through the open= ings 85 in the upper casing 84 (see Fig. 1) and after being passed in thermal contact with the various parts above-mentioned of the apparatus and guided by the sheet metal -guide member 86 is permitted to pass outwardly through the openings 91 in the lower casing member 90. Preferably the blades 87a of the blower 87 are formed integrall with the hub portion 87b of the blower8 (see Fig. 2), and also integrally with a lower circular plate portion 870 in turn formed integrally with the hub portion 87b.

The motor 88, for driving the blower 87 is preferably a motor adapted to be operated from a two-wire source of current supply, and preferably is of the alternating current type. Very conveniently, it is an induction motor .of substantially similar general characteristics electrically as the motor 424=4 which drives the compressor (see Fig. 4). Themotor 88 hence is provided with an energizing winding and also with a starting winding, inasmuch as, in the preferred embodiment of certain features of this invention, the energ supplied through the twowire source 0 supply is alternating and single phase.

From theforegoing certain features of .action and operation of the apparatus will be clear; in Figure 5, however, I have diagrammatically'shown certain other features of my invention. Turning now to Figure 5, the rotor of the motor 4244: for driving the compressor 25 (see Fig. 4). is

diagrammatically shown at 42; the windings 45 of the stator are shown in Figum 5 as comprising the main energizing winding 45a and the starting winding 45?). These two windings are so related to one another that upon their energization, a difference in phase of the currents in the two windings will.

ing 88a is, after the motor 88 has been started cutout of action, as will be made clear hereinafter.

At 92 is diagrammatically indicated a .source of single phase alternating current supply, and leading from this source of supply 92. are the two line conductors 93 and 94 from which the motors 4244 and 88 are to receive their energy. Conductor 93 leads to a thermostatically-controlled switch diagrammatically shown at 95; this switch controls the supply of energy to the two motors, and may be of any suitable construction- Preferably it is of the pressure-con trolled type and hence is connected by way of a pi e 96 (see Fig. 1) to a thermostaticvessel 9 preferabl of a tapered or conical shape, so as to be tted and received within a like tapered or conical depression in the bottom 19a of the container 19, in which is heldv the material or water to be cooled.

This thermostatic vessel 97 may be supported from the plate member 15 as by a spring 98,

the latter acting to urge the vessel 97 upwardly and to hold it in intimate thermal contact with the bottom 19a, and hence with the contents of the container 19.

" -Within the thermostatic vessel 97 may be placed a suitable liquid, such as ethylchloride, for example, so that upon arise in temperature thereof the vapor tension will versely, should the temperature of the contents of the container 19 be brought down to. the desired lower limit, the vapor tension of the ethyl chloride will be decreased and this change in pressure is made effective to cause an opening of the switch 95. Thus, the supply of energy to the motors may be controlled by the switch in accordance with the changes in temperature of the water in the container 19, and thus the temperature of the water or other substance to be cooled may be maintained at the desired value within relatively narrow limits.

Turning again to Figure 5, it will be seen that a conductor 99 extends from the switch to one terminal of the main winding 88?) of the motor 88, and a conductor connects the other terminal of the main winding 88?) to the line conductor 94; hence should the switch 95 be closed, the main winding 88?) will be energized.

The rotor 88a of the motor 88 drives through its shaft 88d a centrifugal-controlled circuit breaker generally indicated in Figure 2 at 101. Inasmuch as the details of construction of the mechanically operated switching apparatus 101 form per se no part of this invention, the device 101 may take any suitable form, but in Figure 5 I have illustrated diagramatically its construction, so that its action may be clearly understood.

The shaft 88d of the motor 88 may have fixed thereto a collar 102 to which are pivotally connected arms 103 and 104 provided with suitable weights 103a and 104a at their outer ends. To the arms 103 and 104 are connected the links 105 and 106 respectively and their lower ends, as viewed in Figure 5, are hingedly connected to the hub 107a of a disk contacting member 107. The latter parts are arranged to slide axially along the shaft 88d while rotating therewith. Fixedly positioned above the disk member 107 are two contacts 108 and 109, so that upon a predetermined movement of the disk 107 along the shaft 88d in an upward direction, as viewed in Figure 5, the contacts 108 and 109- will be electrically bridged; another pair of contacts 110 and 111 are positioned fixedly to any suitable fixed part of the apparatus, but on the other side of the disk 107, so that upon a aredetermined movement in the opposite direction, or downwardly, as viewed in Figure 5, contacts 110 and 111 will be electrically bridged. A spring 112 suitably connected to the arms 103 and 104 tends to swing these arms toward one another, and hence to urge the contact disk 107 in a downward direction, viewed in Figure 5. With the rotor 88a of the motor 88 at rest, the spring 112 will thus hold thedisk member 107 in bridging rela tion with respect to the contacts 110 and 111.

The contacts 110 and 111 control the circuit of the starting winding 880 of the motor 88. More specifically, the starting winding 880 will be seen to have one terminal thereof connected to the conductor 100 and hence to one of the line conductors, namely conductor 94; the other terminal of the starting winding 880 is connected as by conductor 113 to the fixed contact 110. Thus, with the parts positioned as shown in Figure 5, and

- assuming the switch 95 to close, not only will the main winding 88?) of the motor 88 be energized, but also the starting winding 880, the circuit of the latter being completed from the contact 110 through the disk 107. thence through contact 111 and by way of conductor 11 1 to conductor 99 and through switch 95 to the other line conductor 98. Both the main winding and the starting winding being thus energized, the motor 88 is started, and after it is brought up to substantially normal speed, the centrifugal action of the weights 103a and 104m becomes sufficient to overcome the eil'ect of the spring 112 and the contact disk 107 is withdrawn from contact with the contacts 110-111, thus opening the circuit of the starting winding 880. The motor having been brought up to substantially normal speed, it continues operation upon the one or main winding 88?). Thus, the blower 87 (see Fig. 2) is set into action to insure first the necessary circulation of the air or cooling medium past the condenser coils. the radiating fins 82 and the compressor 25.

The movement of the contact disk 107 out of engagement with contacts 110 111, as above described, is effective, however, to effect the electrical inter-connection oi. contacts 108 and 109, and to maintain this elec trical interconnection as long as the prime mover or motor 88 is in operation, the continued centrifugal action of the device 101 insuring the maintenance of a. good electrical inter-connection. The inter-eonneeiion of contacts 108and 109 is effective to initiate the operation of the motor 12414.- which drives the compressor; more specifically,

there is first closed by this inter-connection of contacts 108 and 109 the circuit of the main winding 45a of the compressor motor. This circuit may be traced as follows Patron]. the source 92, thence by way 01? line conductor 9 1, which is extended to be connected to the contact 109, thence through contact disk 107, contact 108, conductor 115 through the winding 116a of a relay generally indicated at 116, thence by way of conductor 117 through winding 15a and from the wind ing 15a through conductor 118 to conductor 99, the connection of the conductor 99 to the line conductor 93 having been closed by the thermostatically-controlled switch 95.

Thus, the main winding 45a is initially energized.

The relay 116 may include a core 1167) about which is positioned the winding 116a and coacting with these parts is a movable armature 1160. The armature 1160 coacts with a fixed contact 1166, and is normally held out of engagement therewith by a spring 1166. The closure of the circuit of the main winding 45a, as hereinabove de scribed, results'in the flow through its corresponding circuit (as above traced) of an initial rush of current; this rush of current is above the normal value of current taken by the motor 4H4, and the spring 1160 is so adjusted that this rush of current flowing therefore the compressor cannot be operated in case therels a failure for any reason of through'the winding 116a of the relay 116 overcomes the action of the spring and moves the armature 1160 into contact with the fixed contact 116d. This action is made effective to close the circuit of the starting winding b, it being noted that the armature 1160 is connected by conductor 119 to the conductor 115, whereas one terminal of starting winding 45b is connected by ductor 120 to the fixed contact 116?) and the other terminal of the winding 45?) is connected'by conductor 121to the conductor 118. In effect, it will be seen that the relay 116 connects the starting winding 45b substantially in parallel with the main winding 45w. With the starting winding energized, the motor 42-44 is started to begin the operation of the compressor 25, it being noted that the blower or fan-87 had already been set into action. As soon as the motor 42-44 attains substantially normal speed (after which it may operate upon the main winding 45a alone) the rush of starting current above pointed out is decreased to a value approaching the normal current flow to the motor; this decrease in the initial rush of starting current decreases the strength of the iielay winding 116a so that the armature 1160 is released under the action ofspring 116e, and the circuit of starting winding 45b is interrupted and held open to permit the continued operation (now at normal speed) of the compressor motor.

The operation of the apparatus may now continue to put the refrigerant through the cycle of operations as already hereinbefore noted, and as soon as the temperature of the material to be cooled is'brought down to the desired value, the switch 95 is opened, thus interrupting the supply of energy to both prime movers, whence the operation of the apparatus is halted. The stopping of the motor 88, however, brings the contact disk 107 into electrical inter-connection with the contacts 110 and 111, thus completing the circuit to the starting winding 88c and placing the motor 88 in condition to be restarted upon the closure of the switch 95 should a subsequent temperature rise effect an operation of the switch 95, whence the above-described cycle of the electrical por tions of the apparatus may be repeated.

It will be noted, however, that the stop ping of the motor 88 inbeing effective to move the contact disk 107 out of bridging relation with the fixed contacts 108 and 109 interrupts the circuit of the compressor motor 42-44. The operation of the compressor motor and hence the compressor is thus' placed in the direct control of the prime mover or motor 88, and it will be seen that the motor 88, which passes the coolin medium-in thermal contact with the con enser COII- and compressor. Should, for example any defect arise in the motor 88 to make it inop erative, and hence to cause a failure of the cooling medium to be made active upon the condenser coils 31, the compressor cannot be operated, inasmuch as the prime mover therefor is under the control of the motor 88, specifically by way of the circuit controlled by the contacts 108 and 109. Thus, continuing compression of refrigerant with attendant heating, but without cooling, and with resultant danger, are effectively avoided; on the other hand, should the compressor motor become defective or inoperative for any reason, the continued operation of the motor 88 and hence of the fan 87 can produce no harmful results.

' It might further be pointed out that an important advantage is achieved in controlling the action of the starting winding 45b of the motor 42-44 by means extraneous of the upper chamber 41, in which the motor 42-44 is encased. By thearrangement provided by this invention, specifically by the utilization of the relay 116, which may be placed or mounted in any convenient portion of the apparatus exteriorly of the casing 41-64, the making and breaking of the circuit of the starting winding withrangement eliminates from the interior of the casing 41-64 apparatus to which access for repair, readjustment and the like might be necessary in the course of the operation of the apparatus, and permits the location of such apparatus at any suitable point where ready access thereto may be conveniently had. i

It will thus be seen that there has been provided in this invention a refrigerating apparatus in which the various objects above noted as well as others, together with many advantages, are effectively achieved. It will moreover be seen that the apparatus is of thoroughly practical, rugged and compact construction, of thoroughly dependable although. automatic action throughout, and well adapted to meet the conditions of hard practical use.

As many possible embodiments may be made of the above invention, and as many changes might be made in the embodiment above set forth, it is to be understood that all matter ,hereinbefore set forth is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. I

I claim as my invention:

1. In apparatus, of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, a single phase induction motor for driving said compressor and having a starting Winding, means forming a substantially fluid tight casing having included therein said compressor and said motor, a condenser for receiving compressed fluid from said compressor, means for circulating cooling fluid in thermal contact with said condenser, a prime mover for driving said circulating means, a cooling device adapted to have expanded into it condensed fluid from said condenser, means for controlling the operation of said motor but dependent upon the state of operation of said prime mover, means responsive to the temperature of said cooling device for controlling the operation of said prime mover, and means exterior of said casing means for controlling the circuit of said starting winding of said. motor substantially in accordance with the speed of said motor.

2. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, a single phase induction motor for driving said compressor and having a start ing Winding, means forming a substantially fluid tight casing having included therein said compressor and said motor, a condenser for receiving compressed fluid from said compressor, means for circulating cooling fluid in thermal contact with said condenser, a prime mover for driving said circulating means, a cooling device adapted to have expanded into it condensed fluid from said condenser, means for controlling the operation of said motor but dependent upon the state of operation of said prime mover, means responsive to the temperature of said cooling device for controlling the operation 4 of said prime mover, and a relay responsive to the current flow to said motor adapted to open circuit the starting Winding of the motor upon the starting current to the lat- J61 returning to a substantially normal value.

3. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, a single phase induction motor for driving said compressor and having a starting winding, means forming a substantially fluid tight casing having included therein said compressor and said motor, and automatic means exterior of said casing for controlling the circuit of said starting winding substantially in accordance with the speed of said motor.

,4. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, a prime mover for driving said compressor, means forming a substantially fluid tight casing and having included therein said compressor and said prime mover, means for circulating a cooling fluid in thermal contact With said compressor, a prime mover for operating said circulating means, and means dependent upon the state of operation of said last-mentioned prime mover for controlling the supply of energy to said first-mentioned prime mover.

5. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compres sor, a prime mover for driving said compressor, means forming a substantially fluid tight casing and having included therein said compressor and said prime mover, a condenser for receiving compressed fluid from said compressor, means for passing a cooling medium in thermal contact With said condenser, a prime mover for operating said last-mentioned means, and means dependent upon the state of operation of said lastmentloned prime mover for controlling the operation of said first-mentioned prime mover.

6. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, a prime mover for driving said compressor, means forming a substantially fluid tight casing and having included therein said compressor and said prime mover, means for passing a cooling fluid in thermal contact With said compressor, a prime mover for operating said last-mentioned means, and means dependent upon the state of operation of said last-mentioned prime mover for controlling the operation of said compressor by said first-mentioned prime mover.

7. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a refrigerating system having included therein two mechanically actuated apparatuses, one of which is a compressor, a prime mover for driving one of said apparatuses, a prime mover for driving the other of said apparatuses, means responsive to the temperature produced by said system for starting and sto ping said prime movers, and means control ed by the operation of one of said prime movers for controlling the other prime mover.

8. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, a prime mover for driving said compressor, means forming a substantially fluid tight casing and having included therein said compressor and said prime mover, means for circulating a cooling fluid in thermal contact with said compressor, a prime mover for operating said circulating means, and a centrifugally responsive device controlled by said last-mentioned prime mover for controlling the operation of said first-mentioned prime mover.

9. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, a prime mover for driving said compressor, means for condensing fluid compressed by said compressor, means forming a substan tially fluid tight casing and having included therein said compressor and said prime mover, means for circulating a cooling fluid in thermal contact with said compressor, a prime mover for operating said circulating to permit separation of the lubricant the condensed fluid therein to take place,

compressor, means means, a heat exchange device, means for expanding compressed fluid from said condensing means into said device, means dependent upon the state of operation of said last-mentioned prime mover for controlling the operation of said first-mentioned prime mover, and means responsive to the temperature of said heat exchange device for controlling the operation of said second-mentioned prime mover.

10. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, a prime mover for driving said forming a substantially fluid-tight casing having included therein said prime mover and said compressor and shaped to provide one compartment within which is supported said prime mover and another compartmentwithin which is contain-- ed said compressor, means for condensing and collecting compressed fluid and also lubricant from saidcompressor and ada ted means adapted to return se arated lubricant to the moving parts of sai compressor, and means for preventing ingress of fluid from said compressor into the compartment in which is contained said prime mover.

. 11. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, and a prime mover for driving said compressor, means forming a substantially fluid-tight casing having said compressor -'mounted in :one portion thereof and said prime mover in another portion thereof, means sub-dividing said easing into said two portions and having extending therethrou'gh the driving shaft of said compressor, means for receiving from said compressor compressed fluid and lubricant and. adapted to permit condensation of said fluid and its separation from said lubricant to take place, means forreturning lubricant to the moving parts of end thereof in fluid-tight connection with said shaft and having its other: end proi vided with means for bearing against said condenser for therein fluid compressed y casing-dividing means for preventing ingress.

I a receiver adapted to receive condensed fluid and lubricant from said. condenser and to permit separation of'the lubricant from the said compressor, and an expansible sleeve about said driving shaft having one ressedfluid from said compressor,

thereof a prime mover connected to condensed fluid to'take place, means for returning to the moving parts of said compressor separated lubricant, and means for preventing escape of fluid from said .com-

pressor into that portion of said casing in which, said prime mover is mounted.

13. In apparatus of the natureof that herein described, in combination, means forming a substantially fluidtight casing having included therein a prime mover and a compressor, a condenser shaped to surround said casing and adapted to receive compressed fluid from said compressor, means for passing a cooling fluid in thermal contact with said casing and said condenser, a prime mover for driving said lastmentioned means, and means dependent upon the operation of said last-mentioned prime mover for controlling the operation of said first-mentioned prime mover.

14. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, a prime mover for driving said compressor, a condenser for receiving compressed fluid from said compressor, means for passing a cooling fluid in thermal contact with said prime mover, said compressor and said condenser, a prime mover .for driving said lastmentioned means, and means responsive to the operative condition of I said last-mentioned prime mover for controlling the op eration of said first-mentioned prime mover.

15. In apparatus of the nature'of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, an electric motor for driving said compressor, a condenser for receiving comressed fluid from said compressor, means or passing a coolingfluid in thermalcon tact with said compressor and said condenser, a prime mover for driving said lastmentioned means, and means controlled by the operation of said prime mover for controlling the circuit of said motor.

16. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compres-v sor," a prime mover for driving said compressor, a condenser for receiving commechanically actuated means for passing a cooling fluid in thermal contact with said condenser, and means dependent upon the state of operation of said last-mentioned means for controlling the operation of said prime mover.

17. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, a'prime mover therefor, a condenser for receiving compressed fluid from said compressor, means for passing a cooling. fluid in thermal contact with said condenser, a

' Winding, a

means being arranged to control the supply of energy to said prime mover.

18. In apparatus of the nature of that herein, described, in combination, a compressor, a prime mover therefor, a condenser for receiving compressed fluid from said COHlpressor, means for passing a cooling fluid in thermal contact with said condenser, a single phase induction motor for operating said last-mentioned means and having a starting winding, and a centrifugally responsive device driven by said motor for cutting out said starting winding upon said motor attaining substantially full speed, said device being arranged to cut off the supply of energy to said prime mover upon said motor becom- 1ng lnefl'cctive.

19. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, a single phase induction motor for driving said compressor and having a starting condenser for receiving compressed fiuid from said compressor, means for passing a cooling fluid in thermal contact with said condenser, a prime mover for operating said last-mentioned means, a relay responsive to the current flow to said for controlling the circuit of said starting W nding, and means under the control of said prime mover for closing the circuit to said motor and relay.

20. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, a single phase induction motor for driving said compressor and having a starting winding, a condenser for receiving compressed fluid from said compressor, means for passing a cooling fluid in thermal con tact with said condenser, a prime mover for operating said last-mentioned means, a relay responsive to the current flow to said motor for controlling the circuit of said startlng winding, and a centrifugally responsive device operated by said prime mover and arranged to control the circuit to said motor and relay.

21. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, a single phase induction motor for driving said compressor and having a starting winding, a condenser for receiving compressed fluid from said compressor, means for passing a cooling fluid in thermal contact with said condenser, a single phase induction motor for driving said last-mentioned means and having a starting winding, a relay responsive to current HOW to said first-mentioned motor for controlling the circuit of the starting winding thereof, and means under the control of said lastmentioned induction motor for cutting out the starting winding thereof upon the attainment thereby of substantially full speed and to control the circuit of said first-mentioned motor and relay.

motor 22. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, a single phase induction motor for driving said compressor and having a starting winding, a condenser for receiving compressed fluid from said compressor, means for passing a cooling fluid in thermal contact with said condenser, a single phase induction motor for driving said last-mentioned means and having a starting winding, a relay responsive to current flow to said first-mentioned motor for controlling the circuit of the starting Winding thereof, and a centrifugally responsive device operated by said last-mentioned induction motor and arranged to cut out the starting Winding thereof upon said motor attaining substantially full speed and to control the circuit of said first-mentioned motor and relay.

23. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a com pressor, a single phase induction motor for driving said compressor and having a starting Winding, means forming a substantially fluid-tight casing having included therein said compressor and said motor, a condenser for receiving compressed fluid from said compressor, means for passing a cooling fluid in thermal contact with said condenser, a prime mover for operating said last-mentioned means, a relay responsive to current flow to said motor for controlling the circuit of said starting winding and positioned exteriorly of said casing, and means under the control of said prime mover for controlling the circuit of said motor and relay.

24. In apparatus of the nature of that herein desribed, in combination, means forming a substantially fluid-tight casing having included therein a. prime mover apparatus and a compressing apparatus, a bearing supported by said casing means for rotatably supporting the shaft of one of said apparatuses, and means enclosing said bearing and sealing the latter from the interior of said casing means.

25. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, means forming a substantially fluid-tight casing having included therein a prime mover apparatus and a compressing apparatus, a bearing supported by said casin means for rotatably supporting the shaft of one of said apparatuses, and means enclosing said bearing and sealing it from the interior of said casing means, said means including a removable member accessible from the exterior of said casing means.

26. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, means forming a substantially fluid-tight casing having included therein a compressor and a motor having a common shaft, means rotatably supporting said shaft including a bearing member supported by said casing sto tr one end of, said bearing extending about the shaft and sealing sald bearing from the interior of said casing means, and a removable member at the other end of said bearing and arranged to be accessible from the exterior of said casing means.

27. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a refrigerating system having included therein two mechanlcally actuated apparatuses, one of which is a compressor, a prime mover for driving one. of said apparatuses, a prime mover for driving the other of said apparatuses, means forming a substantially fluidtight casing and having included therein said compressor and the prime mover therefor, means responsive to the temperature produced by saidsystem for starting and plping said prime movers, and means con- 0 ed by the operation of one of said prime movers for controlling the other prime mover.' r

28. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a refrigcrating system havin' included therein two mechanically actuate apparatuses, one of which is a compressor, an electric motor for driving one of said apparatuses an electric motor for driving the other of said apparatuses, means responsive to the temperature produced by said system for controlling said motors, and means controlled by the operation of one of said motors for con-- trollin the operation of the other.

29. apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a refrigcrating system having included therein two mechanically, actuated apparatuses, one of which is a compressor, a'sin le hase motor having a starting winding or riving said com ressor, means forming a substantially flui -tight casing and having included therein said compressor and the driving motor therefor, a prime mover for driving the other of said apparatuses, means controlled 'by the operation of saidprime mover for controlling the operation, of said motor, and means exterior of said casing for controlling the circuit of said starting winding.

-30. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, a single-phase induction motor for driving said compressor and having a starting winding, means formin fluid tight casing havin included therein said com ressor and sai motor, switching means adapted to connect said motor to a source of'electrical energy,an'd a relay exterior of said casing for controlling the action of'said starting winding, said relay becoming operative in response circuit-closing operation of said switch ng; means to make said starting circuit effective-for asa substantially.

operated. by sai 'ling said switch.

sisting the starting of said motor, and adapted, in response to said motor achieving substantially full speed, to affect said starting circuit to discontinue the starting action thereof.

31. In apparatus of-the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, an electric motor for driving said compressor and adapted to be connected to a source of electrical energy, means forming a substantially fluid tight casing having in cluded therein said compressor and said motor, clectricall actingmeans associated with said motor or facilitating the starting thereof upon said motor being connected to said-source, and means exterior of said casing operative substantiall in response to and in accordance with t e speed of said motor for controlling said last-mentioned means.

32. In apparatus of the nature of that cluded therein said compressor and said mo-- 'tor, electrically acting means associated with said motor for facilitating the startingthereof upon said motor being connected to said source, and a relay exterior of Saidcasing res onsive to current flow from said source an adapted, when the said current has been reduced'to substantially normal value upon said motor having achieved substantially full speed, to affect said last-mentioned means and to cause the latter to discontinue the starting action thereof. 33, In refrigeration apparatus, in combination, a refrigeration system having in-- cluded therein two mechanically-actuated apparatuses, one of which is a compressor, a prime mover for driving one of said paratuses, a prime mover for driving the other of said apparatuses, and a centrifugally-responsive device actuated by one of said prime movers for controlling the operation' of the other of said prime movers.

34. In refrigeration apparatus, in combi-' nation, a refrigeration system having included therein two mechanically-actuated apparatuses, one of which is a compressor, an electric motor for driving one of said apparatuses, a prime mover for driving the other of said apparatuses, a switch for controlling the circuit of said electric motor, and a centrifu ally-responsive mechanismprime mover for control-- 35. In refrigeration apparatus, in combination, a refrigeration s stem having included therein two mechanically-actuated apparatuses, oneof which is a compressor, electric motor means'for actuating said apparatuses, means responsive to' the temperature produced by said system for controlling the circuit of said motor means, and means dependent upon the state of operation of said motor means for affecting said circuit.

36. In refrigeration apparatus, in combination, a refrigeration system having inproducing means for sai cluded therein two mechanically-actuated apparatuses, one of which is a compressor, electric motor means for actuating said apparatuses, means responsive to the temperature produced by said system for controlling the circuit of'sald motor means, a switch for controlling said circuit, and means dependent upon the state of operation of the motor means driving one of said apparatuses for controlling said switch.

37. In refrigeration apparatus, in combination, a refrigeration system having included therein two mechanically-actuated apparatuses, one of which is a compressor, a rotor for driving one of said apparatuses, a rotor for driving the other of said apparatuses, field-producing means acting upon said first-mentioned rotor, means-responsive to the temperature produced by said system for stopping and starting said rotors, fieldproducing means controlled by said firstmentioned rotor for acting upon said secondmention'ed rotor, and meansforming a fluidtight casing for enclosing said compressor and the rotor and associated,field producing.

means for driving said compressor.

38. In refrigeration apparatus, 111 CQIIlblnation, a refrigeration system having in-- cluded therein twomechanically-actuated apparatuses, one of which is a compressor, a rotor for driving one of said apparatuses, a rotor for driving the other of said apparatuses, field-producing means acting upon said first-mentioned rotor, means responsive to the temperature produced by said system for stopping and starting said rotors, and field-producing means controlled in its effectiveness upon said'second-mentioned rotor by the speed of rotation of said firstmentioned rotor.

39. In refrigeration apparatus, in combination, a refrigeration system having included therein two mechanically-actuated apparatuses, one of which is a compressor,

a rotor for driving one of said apparatuses,

a rotor for driving the other of said apparatuses, field-producing means acting upon said first-mentioned rotor, meansresponsive to the temperature produced by said system for stopping and startin said rotors, fieldsecond mentioned rotor, and means whereby said last-mentioned field-producing means is effective to cause effective rotation of said second-mentioned rotor only when the speed of rotation of said first-mentioned rotor is above a cer tain value.

40. In refrigeration apparatus, in combia rotor for driving one of said apparatuses,

a rotor for driving the other of said apparatuses, field-producing means acting upon said first-mentioned rotor, means responsive to the temperature produced by said system for stopping and starting said rotors, fieldproducing means controlled by said firstmentioned rotor for acting upon said secondmentioned rotor, means forming a fluid-tight casing for enclosing said compressor and the rotor and associated field-producing means for driving said compressor, a starting winding associated with the field-producing means that is enclosed in said fluid-tight casing means, and means exterior of said fluid'tight casing means for controlling the circuit of said starting winding.

41. In refrigeration apparatus, in combination, a refrigeration system having included therein two mechanically-actuated apparatuses, one of which is a compressor, a rotor for driving one of said apparatuses, a rotor for driving the otherof said apparatuses, field-producing means acting upon said firstmentioned rotor, means responsive to the temperature produced by said system for stopping and starting said rotors, field-producing means controlled by said first-mentioned rotor for acting upon said secondmentioned rotor, means forming a fluid-tight casing for enclosing said compressor and the rotor and associated field-producing means for driving said compressor said enclosed field-producing means including an electromagnetic winding, and a relay outside of said fluid-tight casing means and "responsive to a function of the current supplied to said winding for controlling the circuit of the latter.

42. In refrigeration apparatus, in combinationvvv a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, a fan for cooling said condenser, a prime mover for driving said compressor, a prime mover for driving said fan, means responsive to the temperature produced by said evaporator for controlling said prime movers, and means relatingone of said prime movers to' the other to cause its operation to be dependent upon the operation of the other.

43. In refrigeration apparatus, in combination, a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, a fan for cooling said condenser, a prime mover for driving said compressor, a prime mover for driving'said fan, means responsive to the temperature produced by said evaporator for controlling said prime movers, and means causing one of said prime movers to become effective only after the other prime mover has achieved a certain speed.

44. In refrigeration apparatus, in combination, a com ressor, a condenser, an evaporator, a fan or cooling said condenser, a

rotor and field-producing means therefor for drlvmg said compressor, means forming a sealed casing for enclosing said compressor and said rotor and its field-producing means,

a rotor for driving said fan, field-producing ,means for said fan rotor, and means whereby one of said field-producing means is debination, a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, a fan for cooling said condenser, a rotor and field-producing means therefor for driving said compressor, means forming a sealed casing for enclosing said compressor and said rotor and its field-producing means,

a rotor for driving said fan, field-producing means for said fan rotor, and means causing the efiectiveness of one of said field-produoing means to be dependent upon the speed of rotation of the rotor associated with the other of said field-producing means.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification this 24th day of Feb., 1925.

ALAN VABLEY LIVINGSTON. 

